Leg for a test dummy

ABSTRACT

There is disclosed a leg for a test dummy which has a range of motion about the knee joint similar to that of the human and greater than the motion range of prior art legs. This is achieved by offsetting the simulated bone of the lower leg and molding a compressible cavity into the calf portion of the leg. The knee includes an impact housing connected directly to the upper leg bone structure so that knee impacts are not transmitted through the joint. The foregoing abstract is not to be taken either as a complete exposition or as a limitation of the present invention. In order to understand the full nature and extent of the technical disclosure of this application, reference must be had to the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings as well as to the claims.

nite States Patent [1 1 Srnreha 1 1 Sept. d, 1973 1 LEG 1 0R A TEST DUMMY [75] Inventor: Joseph G. Smrcka, Norwalk, Conn.

Alderson Research Laboratories, inc., Stamford, Conn.

22 Filed: June 9,1972

21 Appl.No.:261,538

[73] Assignee:

[52] U.S. Cl. 35/17 [51] Int. (:1. (10%) 23/30 [58] Field of Search 35/17; 280/150 B,

[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,557,471 1/1971 Payne et a1. 35/17 Primary Examiner-Harland S. Skogquist Att0rney-Garold E. Bramblett, Jr. et al.

[57] ABSTRACT There is disclosed a leg for a test dummy which has a range of motion about the knee joint similar to that of the human and greater than the motion range of prior art legs. This is achieved by offsetting the simulated bone of the lower leg and molding a compressible cavity into the calf portion of the leg. The knee includes an impact housing connected directly to the upper leg bone structure so that knee impacts are not transmitted through the joint.

The foregoing abstract is not to be taken either as a complete exposition or as a limitation of the present invention. In order to understand the full nature and extent of the technical disclosure of this application, reference must be had to the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings as well as to the claims.

10 Claims, 4 Drawing Figures atented Sept, 4, 1973 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 LEG FOR A TEST DUMMY BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to test dummies of the type utilized in aviation and automotive crash research. More particularly, it relates to a leg construction for such dummies which permits expanded motion about the knee joint and allows knee impact loads to be transmitted directly to the femur rather than through the knee joint.

In prior art dummies, the normal bulge of the calf upon making contact with the thigh, prevented the knee joint from flexing through the full 160 range of the normal human knee. Furthermore, in prior art constructions, impact loads on the knee with the leg in a bent position are transmitted through the knee joint causing frequent damage and inaccurate measurements at the femur.

Accordingly, it is a primary object of the present invention to provide a leg for a test dummy having a knee flexion range similar to that of the human and wherein impact loads on the flexed knee are transmitted directly to the femur rather than through the knee joint regardless of lower leg position. Other objects, features, and advantages will become apparent from the following description and the appended claims.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A leg for a test dummy is provided which includes an upper leg member, a lower leg member, and a knee joint there-between. The lower leg member includes a simulated leg bone having a resilient covering which simulates flesh. The covering defines a compressible cavity in the calf portion.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS A full understanding of this invention will be had from the following description with reference to the fig ures of the attached drawings wherein:

FIG. 1 is a top view of a leg constructed in accordance with this invention;

FIG. 2 is a cross section taken substantially along the line 2-2 of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a partial cross section of the leg of this invention shown in its flexed configuration; and

FIG. 4 is an enlarged cross section taken substantially along the line 4--4 of FIG. 2.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT With particular reference to FIGS. 1 and 2, there is illustrated a leg in accordance with this invention comprising an upper leg assembly 10, a knee assembly 12, and a lower leg 14. The upper leg assembly comprises a metallic tube 16 having a slot 18 at its end. A link rod 20 having reduced diameter ends has one of those ends inserted into tube 16 where it is secured by a socket head cap screw 22. The other end of link rod 20 is inserted in a socket 24 defined by a cast metal impact housing 26 which forms one element of the knee assembly 12. The end of the link rod 20 is secured to the housing 26 by means of a second cap screw 28. Simulated flesh is provided by upper 30 and lower 32 segments of vinyl skin and foam which are provided with suitable passages 34, 36 for access to the screws.

The housing 26 of the knee assembly 12 is essentially cylindrical, describing a smooth surface of revolution 38 covered with solid vinyl skin 40. One side of housing 26 defines a semicircular aperture 42. The remaining portion of the knee assembly 12 comprises a pair of spaced bars 44 positioned on opposite sides of housing 26 and pivotable about a shaft 46. The internal construction of the knee joint forms :no part of this invention and, accordingly, is not illustrated. However, it may be of the type disclosed in a co-pending application of Samuel W. Alderson entitled Variable Friction Hinge Ser. No. 155,811, filed June 23, 1971 and assigned to the same assignee as the present invention. A screw 48 carried by one of the bars 44 is positioned to traverse the aperture 42 to provide a limit stop at its two extremes.

The lower leg 14 is secured to the knee assembly 12 by means of a plate 50 which is welded between the bars 44. The plate 50 is shaped as shown in FIG. 4 so as to be offset toward the front of the leg. Welded to this offset portion of plate 50 is one end of a metal tube 52 which forms the simulated lower leg bone. The lower leg flesh is simulated by vinyl skin and foam 54. This flesh differs from prior art constructions in that the calf portion defines a cavity 56 which occupies a portion of the space left free by the forward positioning of the tube 52. The lower leg 14 terminates in an ankle joint 58 which forms no part of the present invention and, accordingly, need not be further described.

The extended range of motion provided by the leg of this invention will be best appreciated by reference to FIGS. 3 and 4. As will be noted therein, the cavity 56 may be compressed by contact of the flesh 54 with the flesh of the thigh. This results in the lower leg being rotatable through an arc of which exceeds the mo tion available in prior art devices and closely approximates that of the human leg.

An important additional advantage of the leg of this invention arises from the knee construction. As previously explained, the housing 26 is a strong cast impact member connected directly to the upper leg. As will be apparent from FIG. 3, when the leg is bent, any impact loads on the knee will be transmitted directly to the link rod 20 thereby avoiding damage to the knee hinge and permitting more accurate load measurements. As a further advantage, there is greater flexibility in the choice of femur load measuring systems. This is achieved by use of the link rod 20 which is an exact dummy for commercially available femur load cells and which can also be used for strain gauging. Access to the link rod is facilitated by the separable upper leg flesh segments 30, 32. This construction allows easy replacement of the link rod 20 or measuring devices between the impact housing 26 and the upper leg bone by the removal of the two screws 22, 28.

It is believed that the advantages of this invention will now be apparent to those skilled in the art. It will also be apparent that a number of variations and modifications may be made in this invention without departing from its spirit and scope. Accordingly, the foregoing description is to be construed as illustrative only, rather than limiting. This invention is limited only by the scope of the following claims.

I claim:

1. A leg for a test dummy which comprises: an upper leg member; a knee joint secured to the upper leg member; and a lower leg member secured to said knee joint including a simulated lower leg bone having a resilient covering simulating flesh, said covering defining a compressible cavity in the calf portion.

2. The leg of claim 1 wherein said simulated lower leg bone is offset forwardly from a line extending between the center of rotation of the knee joint and the ankle.

3. The leg of claim 1 wherein said knee joint comprises: an impact housing secured to said upper leg member and having a substantially cylindrical surface of revolution adjacent said lower leg member; first and second bars pivotally secured to opposite'sides of said housing to rotate about the axis of revolution; and a plate member secured between said bars and to said lower leg bone.

4. The leg of claim 3 wherein said plate member and said simulated lower leg bone are offset forwardly from a line extending between the center of rotation of the knee joint and the ankle.

5. The leg of claim 1 wherein said upper leg member comprises: a tube forming a portion of a simulated upper leg bone; a link rod forming another portion of the simulated upper leg bone; means for detechably securing one end of said link rod to said tube; and means for detachably securing the other end of said link rod to said knee joint.

6. The leg of claim 5 wherein said upper leg member further comprises: first and second simulated leg flesh segments abutting intermediate said securing means.

7. A leg for a test dummy which comprises: an upper leg member; an impact housing secured to said upper leg member and having a substantially cylindrical surface of revolution; first and second bars pivotally secured to opposite sides of said housing to rotate about the axis of revolution; and a lower leg member secured to said first and second bars for rotation adjacent said surface of revolution.

8. The leg of claim 7 wherein said upper leg member comprises: a tube forming a portion of a simulated upper leg bone; a link rod forming another portion of the simulated upper leg bone; means for detachably securing one end of said link rod to said tube; and means for detachably securing the other end of said link rod to said impact housing.

9. The leg of claim 8 wherein said lower leg member comprises a simulated lower leg bone offset forwardly from a line extending between the axis of rotation of said bars and the ankle.

10. The leg of claim 9 wherein said lower leg member comprises a resilient covering simulating flesh, said covering defining a compressible cavity in the calf portron.

a :k s: 

1. A leg for a test dummy which comprises: an upper leg member; a knee joint secured to the upper leg member; and a lower leg member secured to said knee joint including a simulated lower leg bone having a resilient covering simulating flesh, said covering defining a compressible cavity in the calf portion.
 2. The leg of claim 1 wherein said simulated lower leg bone is offset forwardly from a line extending between the center of rotation of the knee joint and the ankle.
 3. The leg of claim 1 wherein said knee joint comprises: an impact housing secured to said upper leg member and having a substantially cylindrical surface of revolution adjacent said lower leg member; first and second bars pivotally secured to opposite sides of said housing to rotate about the axis of revolution; and a plate member secured between said bars and to said lower leg bone.
 4. The leg of claim 3 wherein said plate member and said simulated lower leg bone are offset forwardly from a line extending between the center of rotation of the knee joint and the ankle.
 5. The leg of claim 1 wherein said upper leg member comprises: a tube forming a portion of a simulated upper leg bone; a link rod forming another portion of the simulated upper leg bone; means for detechably securing one end of said link rod to said tube; and means for detachably securing the other end of said link rod to said knee joint.
 6. The leg of claim 5 wherein said upper leg member further comprises: first and second simulated leg flesh segments abutting intermediate said securing means.
 7. A leg for a test dummy which comprises: an upper leg member; an impact housing secured to said upper leg member and having a substantially cylindrical surface of revolution; first and second bars pivotally secured to opposite sides of said housing to rotate about the axis of revolution; and a lower leg member secured to said first and second bars for rotation adjacent said surface of revolution.
 8. The leg of claim 7 wherein said upper leg member comprises: a tube forming a portion of a simulated upper leg bone; a link rod forming another portion of the simulated upper leg bone; means for detachably securing one end of said link rod to said tube; and means for detachably securing the other end of said link rod to said impact housing.
 9. The leg of claim 8 wherein said lower leg member comprises a simulated lower leg bone offset forwardly from a line extending between the axis of rotation of said bars and the ankle.
 10. The leg of claim 9 wherein said lower leg member comprises a resilient covering simulating flesh, said covering defining a compressible cavity in the calf portion. 